On Fri, 15 Jun 2007 18:22:50 -0700, Steven
Post by StevenPost by b***@mactan.orgOn Fri, 15 Jun 2007 18:12:26 -0000, Hal Womack 3-dan
Post by Hal Womack 3-danBeyond doubt, those who like myself expose the bloody facts of global
Jewish tyranny* do put ourselves and our families and our friends at
risk of assassination and other measures of repression.
Are you aware just how few Jews there are globally? In the US alone
you have more to fear from homosexuals who are knowingly transmitting
HIV/AIDS than from Jews for there are a lot more of them. One a world
wide basis the Jews are woefully outnumbered.
More drug users have HIV than homosexuals I'd bet, bringing up the
question,
You'd lose. Homosexual males account for almost 50% of all active AIDS
cases in the US and they represent less than 5% of the population. IV
druggers account for about 30 percent.
Men Who Have Sex With Men and HIV/AIDS in the United States
Since the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States, AIDS
incidence has been highest among men who have sex with men (MSM).1
Despite changes in the demographics of the epidemic and the growing
proportion of total cases among women, MSM continues to account for
the largest proportion of new AIDS cases each year. Most of these
cases are among MSM of color, who face extraordinary barriers to HIV
counseling and testing as well as to care.2
Surveillance
* In 2004, an estimated 31,024 men were diagnosed with AIDS in the
United States. MSM was the HIV exposure category in 57 percent of
those cases.3 MSM also accounted for 6.2 percent of reported AIDS
cases related to the MSM/injection drug use (IDU) exposure category.3
* New AIDS cases related to the MSM exposure category have
increased every year since 2000, rising an estimated 15.1 percent
between 2000 and 2004.4 In contrast, MSM/IDU is estimated to have
fallen by 8.7 percent between 2000 and 2004.5
* MSM was the HIV exposure category for 44.6 percent and MSM/IDU
was the HIV exposure category for 6.1 percent of people estimated to
be living with AIDS at the end of 2004.3
Evidence indicates extraordinarily high seroprevalence rates among
some MSM populations. Phase II of the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)s Young Mens Study surveyed MSM ages 23 to 29 who
frequented certain venues; the study discovered that 13 percent of
study participants were HIV positive. Prevalence was 32 percent among
Blacks, 17 percent among Whites, and 14 percent among Hispanics.11
In a study of 253 HIV-positive MSM with alcohol use disorders from the
New York City metropolitan area, 80 percent of participants reported
engaging in sexual behavior with casual partners, and 71.9 percent of
those respondents did not know the HIV status of those partners.
Respondents also indicated a relationship between sexual risk
behaviors and the use of substances.12
Outreach initiatives may be more effective if they address the broad
health concerns of MSM. Recent data indicate that among urban MSM, the
presence of multiple health problems is significantly associated with
high-risk sexual behavior and HIV infection.13
MSM AND THE RYAN WHITE CARE ACT
Experiences of providers funded through the Ryan White Comprehensive
AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act have revealed program components
that are key to reaching MSM. Providers must cultivate trust and then
provide high-quality, nonjudgmental services that help MSM acknowledge
their risk, get tested, and remain in care over time. The use of peer
educators is often critical.14
MSM receive services through all CARE Act programs except for the
Title IV program, which serves primarily women and children. The
HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States initially emerged among the MSM
population; thus, MSM were instrumental in collaborating with Congress
to create and pass the CARE Act in 1990.
Today, CARE Act grantees are making concentrated efforts to bring MSM
into care in the earliest stages of the disease. Additionally, Title I
and Title II grantees are striving to achieve greater involvement of
MSM of color in the community planning process.
In collaboration with the African-American AIDS Policy and Training
Institute, the Asian and Pacific Islander Health Forum, Bienstar, and
the National Native American AIDS Prevention Center, the Health
Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) conducted a research
project involving key informant interviews and structured roundtable
discussions to identify barriers to care for MSM of color and develop
solutions. The results of the publication Improving Care for
HIV-Positive Men of Color Who Have Sex With Men: Barriers and
Recommendations are shaping the process through which HRSA and the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are collaboratively
responding to the epidemic among young MSM of color.
This document is available in pdf format:
Download PDF (76K)
Estimated Number of AIDS Cases Among Men by Exposure Category This pie
chart shows the estimated number of AIDS cases among men, by exposure
category, 2004. MSM 57%, Heterosexual contact 16.6%, IDU 19.2%,
MSM/IDU 6.2%, other 1%.Reported AIDS Cases, by MSM Exposure Category
and Race/Ethnicity 2004 This pie chart shows the reported AIDS cases,
by MSM exposure category, race/ethnicity, 2004. White 47.4%, Black
30.1%, Hispanic 20.6%, A/PI 1.5%, AI/AN .5%.Estimated AIDS Rate Among
Men by Race/Ethnicity 2004 This bar graph shows the estimate AIDS rate
among men, by race/ethnicity, 2004. Rate per 100,000 population:
Black, 99.4, Hispanic 37.9, AI/AN 13.5, White 12.3, A/PI 7.5.
References
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV/AIDS
Surveillance Report. 2004;16(1):12. Table 3.
2 CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. 2004;16(1):19. Table 19.
3 CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. 2004;16(1):20. Table 10.
4 HIV/AIDS Bureau. Improving Care for HIV-Positive Men of Color Who
Have
Sex With Men: Barriers and Recommendations. Rockville, MD: Health
Resources and Services Administration; 2002.
5 Miller M, et al. Drug-using men who have sex with men as bridges
for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections: sexual diversity
among black men who have sex with men in an inner-city community. J
Urban Health. 2005;82(suppl 1);i26-i34.
6 MacKellar DA, et al. Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors,
and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men:
opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of
HIV/AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38(5):603-14.
7 Clarke-Tasker VA, et al. HIV risk behaviors in African American
males. Assoc Black Nurs Faculty Jl. 2005;16(3):56-9.
8 CDC. HIV/AIDS among racial-ethnic minority men who have sex with
menUnited States, 1989-1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rept.
2000;49(1):4-11.
9 CDC. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among
men who have sex with menfive U.S. cities. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly
Rept. 2005;54(24): 597-601.
10 Guest G, et al. HIV vaccine efficacy trial participation: men who
have sex with mens experiences of risk reduction counseling and
perceptions of risk behaviour change. AIDS Care. 2005;17(1):46-57.
11 CDC. HIV incidence among young men who have sex with menseven
U.S. cities, 1994-2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rept. 2001;50:440-4.
12 Parsons JT, et al. Sexual risk behaviors and substance use among
alcohol abusing HIV-positive men who have sex with men. J Psychoactive
Drugs. 2005;37(1): 27-36.
13 Stall R, et al. Association of co-occurring psychosocial health
problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who
have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2003;96(3): 939-42.
14 Reaching men of color who have sex with men. HRSA CAREAction. June
2003. Available at: ftp: //ftp.hrsa.gov/hab/june_2003_final.pdf.
15 CDC. HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. 2004;16(1): 14. Table 5a.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Health Resources and
Services Administration - HIV/AIDS Bureau